纳米SiO2载银抗菌剂的研究

以化学沉淀法制备得到多孔纳米SiO2,采用吸附法在其表面负载银,用载银粉体的抑菌圈直径表征抗茵性能,研究了吸附时间、硝酸银浓度及吸附温度与负载量的关系,并考察了焙烧温度与抗菌性能的关系。     

苯酚在Ti/IrO_2-Ta_2O_5电极上的电化学反应

采用循环伏安法研究了苯酚在Ti/IrO_2-Ta_2O_5电极上的电化学反应行为,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、总有机碳(TOC)测定仪、化学需氧量(COD)消解装置研究了该电极降解苯酚的效能。结果表明:苯酚在Ti/Ir O2-Ta2O5电极上的电化学反应主要发生在析氧反应区,而较高浓度苯酚可发生少量的不可逆的直接电化学氧化反应。在支持电解质浓度为5 g·L~(-1)、苯酚初始浓度100 mg·L~(-1)时,可获得较大的氧化峰电流和较高的电荷利用率。在苯酚初始浓度100 mg·L~(-1),电解质浓度5 g·L~(-1),反应时间120min,电流40 m A的适宜操作条件下,苯酚、COD、TOC去除率和平均电流效率(ACE)可分别达82%、49%、39%和24.5%。     

Head-to-tail cyclization of a heptapeptide eliminates its cytotoxicity and significantly increases its inhibition effect on amyloid β-protein fibrillation and cytotoxicity

Amyloid-β (Aβ) protein aggregation is the main hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inhibition of Aβ fibrillation is thus a promising therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of AD. Recently, we designed a heptapeptide inhibitor, LVFFARK (LK7). LK7 shows a promising inhibitory capability on Aβ fibrillation, but is prone to self-assembling and displays high cytotoxicity, which would hinder its practical application. Herein, we modified LK7 by a head-to-tail cyclization and obtained a cyclic LK7 (cLK7). cLK7 exhibits a different self-assembly behavior from LK7, and has higher stability against proteolysis than LK7 and little cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y cells. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that both LK7 and cLK7 could bind to Aβ₄₀ by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, but the binding affinity of cLK7 for Aβ₄₀ (K_D = 4.96 µmol/L) is six times higher than that of LK7 (K_D = 32.2 µmol/L). The strong binding enables cLK7 to stabilize the secondary structure of Aβ₄₀ and potently inhibit its nucleation, fibrillation and cytotoxicity at extensive concentration range, whereas LK7 could only moderately inhibit Aβ₄₀ fibrillation and cytotoxicity at low concentrations. The findings indicate that the peptide cyclization is a promising approach to enhance the performance of peptide-based amyloid inhibitors.     

考虑软三体接触的粗糙界面混合润滑模型研究

软三体颗粒润滑是利用大量松散的固体软颗粒在界面中的承载和剪切行为实现特殊环境下界面的减摩,因此研究软颗粒介质摩擦界面在剪切过程中的受力情况,对软三体颗粒润滑机理的分析以及润滑装置的设计都具有重要意义。研究中将第三体颗粒类比为流体,基于雷诺方程、黏度方程、Greenwood和Williamson接触模型（G-W模型）等建立了含大颗粒粗糙界面的混合润滑模型。该模型中摩擦副的总载荷及总摩擦力由流体、微凸体和大颗粒三部分共同构成。通过采用有限差分法对上述物理模型进行求解分析,探究膜厚比、第三体大颗粒的质量浓度、粒径以及试件的表面形貌、弹性模量对三体接触界面的承载和摩擦力的影响情况,进而分析大颗粒粒径和接触表面粗糙度耦合时软三体接触界面的力学性能。基于对所构建的软三体接触界面混合润滑模型的研究可知：合理选择大颗粒质量浓度、粒径以及试件的表面形貌、弹性模量有助于提高承载、减小摩擦力,使得软三体颗粒流具有更好的减摩润滑性能。     

基于RecurDyn的带式输送机动态特性分析

为了研究输送带在现实环境下的运行机理,采用多体动力学理论,建立输送带系统动力学模型,应用Recur Dyn软件建立输送机虚拟样机,并以实际工况为基础,分析物料偏载荷状态及托辊倾斜两种特殊工况下输送带的动态特性。结果表明:两种工况均会造成输送带张力激增,不利于输送带的使用,这与实际工况相符;Recur Dyn软件可为输送机的动力学分析提供一种更为有效可行的分析方法。     

基于荷载试验的钢筋混凝土简支梁桥承载能力评估

以某钢筋混凝土简支T梁桥为背景,介绍了钢筋混凝土T梁桥荷载试验的加载程序、测点布置及荷载试验效率系数,测试了桥梁典型截面的应力、变形,在动载试验中测试了该桥的自振频率和不同的行车条件下的结构的冲击系数。运用大型有限元软件对钢筋混凝土桥梁进行数值分析计算,将试验实测数据与理论计算结果进行对比,进而对整座桥梁的实际承载能力作出合理的评估。研究结果表明,该桥挠度校验系数未超出规范限值,结构实际工作性能相对较好;在荷载试验车辆作用下实际的残余变形均满足规范设计要求,结构整体仍处于弹性状态;在动载作用下,实际固有频率均大于理论计算频率,桥梁结构刚度满足要求,即该桥在正常使用极限状态下的安全承载能力及应力状态均满足公路—Ⅰ级荷载的的设计要求。     

波浪与冲刷作用后吸力式基础承载力分析

吸力式桶形基础是一种应用于海上风机的典型基础形式,波浪循环荷载与海流引起的冲刷会影响基础的承载力,进而危及结构的安全。采用模型试验手段和有限元软件数值方法,分析了基础的长径比（0.50、0.75和1.00）、冲刷和波浪荷载作用对基础的承载特性的影响。研究发现:随着长径比的增加,吸力式桶形基础承载力（水平和竖向抗拔）的增长速率明显加快而冲刷作用会降低其增长速率;静力荷载作用下分为弹性变形、塑性变形和失稳破坏3个阶段;试验中前期波浪作用扮演改变砂土密实度的角色,不同波浪作用下的砂土会发生剪胀和剪缩,结合数值计算结果说明了砂土剪胀角对基础承载力的影响;随着波浪荷载和冲刷深度的增加,吸力式基础的承载力呈下降趋势。     

Pore structure and effective diffusion coefficient of catalyzed electrodes in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

For polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, the pore structure and small effective diffusion coefficient (EDC) of the catalyst layers have significant impact on the cell performance. In this study, both the pore structure and EDC of the catalyst layers are investigated experimentally; the pore structure of the catalyst layer is characterized by the method of standard porosimetry, and the EDC is measured by a modified Loschmidt cell for oxygen-nitrogen mixture through the catalyzed electrodes. It is found that Pt loading has a direct impact on the pore structure and consequently the EDC of the catalyzed electrodes. As the Pt loading is increased, the porosity and mean pore size of the catalyzed electrode decrease, and the EDC decreases accordingly, however, it is increased by 15–25% by increasing the temperature from 25 °C to 75 °C. The EDC of the catalyst layer is about 4.6 × 10^?7 m² s^?1 at 75 °C, compared with 25.0 × 10^?7 m² s^?1 for the uncatalyzed electrode at the same temperature.     

Service life of corrosion pitted pipes subject to fatigue loading and hydrogen embrittlement

The structural service life of brittle material pipes with exterior corrosion pits is likely to depend on crack initiation and crack development and this may be influenced by pressure loading fluctuations and the possibility of material hydrogen embrittlement. Recently developed methods are used to estimate the cracking pattern, the failure state of the crack development from external pits and the rate of Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking under fluctuating loadings. The effect of hydrogen from the surrounding environment on the cracking rate is formulated using a generalized form of Paris' law. The depth of cracks initiated from surface pits is estimated as a function of pipe age. A realistic example is presented and the results discussed.     

Mn负载量对NSR催化剂NO_x存储性能的影响

为了研究Mn负载量对NOx存储还原(NSR)催化剂NOx存储性能的影响,采用溶胶凝胶法结合浸渍法制备了一系列不同Mn负载量的1Pt/15Ba/15Ce/xMn/γ-Al_2O_3(1、15、x表示其后元素的质量百分数,x=0、2、4、6、8和10)复合型NSR催化剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂的理化性能进行表征;并利用模拟气试验平台测试了催化剂的NOx完全存储性能。结果表明,不同Mn负载量的NSR催化剂整体结晶状况良好,Mn元素以Mn_2O_3和MnO2形式存在;Mn元素添加后,1Pt/15Ba/15Ce/8Mn/γ-Al_2O_3比表面积最大;γ-Al_2O_3主要是以多边形状和长棒状的形态存在,各活性组分分散较为均匀;1Pt/15Ba/15Ce/8Mn/γ-Al_2O_3的存储能力最强,存储效率为89.47%,NO_x存储量达689.43μmol/g;催化剂的NOx存储量由大到小依次为8Mn10Mn6Mn4Mn2Mn0Mn;在10%的O2气氛下,1Pt/15Ba/15Ce/8Mn/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的NOx存储能力最强。